Biological Interactions Beneath the Surface

: The Role of Soil Organisms in Ecosystem Health

 1. Soil Respiration and Soil Health 

When soil organisms and roots carry out their typical functions of deriving energy for growth from organic compounds, they “breathe” - utilizing oxygen and emitting carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. The soil also resembles a living entity in another aspect - it may become “ill” in a way that it fails to sustain healthy plants.

2. Role of Soil Organisms 

The organisms inhabiting the soil, both macro and micro, play a crucial role in preserving a healthy soil system and robust plants. They impact every facet of decomposition and nutrient availability.

3. Classification of Soil Organisms

Soil organisms are categorized in several distinct ways. We can also examine soil organisms based on their role in the decomposition of organic materials.

4. Interaction Among Soil Organisms 

There is a constant interaction among the organisms residing in the soil. Some organisms assist others, while others compete for the same resources.

5. Impact of Soil Organisms on Plants 

Some soil organisms can be detrimental to plants, either by causing disease or by being parasites. One of the objectives of agricultural production systems should be to establish conditions that promote the growth of beneficial organisms.

6. Soil Microorganisms 

Microorganisms are extremely small life forms that can sometimes exist as single cells. A greater number of microorganisms exist in topsoil, where food sources are abundant, than in subsoil. They perform various functions, including decomposing organic matter, providing nitrogen through fixation to aid plant growth, detoxifying harmful chemicals, suppressing disease organisms, and producing products that might stimulate plant growth